Thursday, March 6, 2014

A Weekend in New Haven

By Charles Kessler

I highly recommend New Haven to all art lovers. It's still a bit funky, but it's become a lot better — less crime, more good restaurants and interesting stores, and lots of first-rate music, dance and theater available (we saw the play 4000 Miles at the Long Wharf Theater and loved it). And New Haven is still relatively affordable.
And of course there's Yale – it's gorgeous, the epitome of a Gothic Ivy-league college; and Yale's cultural resources are extraordinary. The Beinecke Rare Book Library, one of the largest collections of rare books and manuscripts in the world, is worth a trip in itself. There is something about this multi-story glass display of books, presented as if they're holy, that's profoundly moving.
Panoramic of the interior of The Beinecke Rare Book Library.
When I visited, there was an comprehensive exhibition of endpapers – Under the Covers: A Visual History of Decorated Endpapers (until May 28th).
William Wordsworth, Winnowings from Wordsworth ..., 188?, Edinburgh. (I can't find the exact size but it was small, about 4 - 5 inches tall.)
Endpapers are sheets of paper pasted to the inside covers of books. It began as a way to protect medieval illuminations from the wear of wood covers, but over time they were used for purely decorative purposes. This exhibition traces the development of endpapers from their beginning, in medieval times, until the present – all from the Beineke's own collection.

There's also the Yale Center for British Art, the largest collection of British art outside the United Kingdom with a collection of about 2000 paintings and 200 sculptures. Not being a great fan of most British art, I didn't go there again this time.

And then there's Yale's outstanding encyclopedic museum where I spent most of my time. I wrote about the Yale Art Gallery last year, soon after they opened the newly restored and much enlarged new space. This trip I was able to spend more time on individual works.
Marcel Duchamp, American, Tu m’, 1918, oil on canvas, with bottlebrush, safety pins, and bolt, 27 1/2 x 119 5/16 inches (gift of the Estate of Katherine S. Dreier – 1953.6.4). 
Tu m' is Marcel Duchamp's farewell to painting, and it's a summing up of his past work. I must have seen this painting a dozen times over the years, but I've focused on its conceptual aspects. I never realized how beautifully painted it is – how delicate and sensual.
Detail: Marcel Duchamp, Tu m'.
Detail: Marcel Duchamp, Tu m'. (Duchamp hired a sign painter to paint the hand.)
And after a close examination, I also noticed this strange beading around the bottom edge of the painting like a black gritty caulk.
Detail: Marcel Duchamp, Tu m' (bottom of left side).
I never read anything about this, but you can be sure, knowing what Duchamp scholars are like, someone has written a long brilliant essay on it.

Some of my other "discoveries" from this visit are:
Carlo Crivelli, Saint Peter, ca. 1470, tempera on panel, 11 9/16 x 8  7/16 inches (gift of Hannah D. and Louis M. Rabinowitz – 1959.15.15).
This is a small painting, about letter-size, but I enlarged the photo here so you can see how dramatic it is close up. Saint Peter, as Crivelli depicts him here, is not someone who will easily give up the key to heaven.

Another small painting that I spent time with and savored is this glowing Seurat:
Georges Seurat, Black Cow in a Meadow, ca. 1881, oil on panel, framed: 6 1/8 x 9 1/2 inches
(gift of Walter J. Kohler – 1969.96.1).
This Andrea del Sarto is on loan so the Yale Gallery website doesn't have a reproduction of it, but luckily I was able to take a pretty good photo. I was struck by how modern it looks.
Andrea del Sarto, Portrait of Bernardo Accolti, c. 1528-30, oil on panel (private collection).
According to the typically informative wall label, Andrea painted this rapidly from a memory of meeting Bernardo Accolti about fifteen years earlier. Remarkable!

I also paid more attention to this Manet, a painting obviously influenced by Goya's Clothed Maja. 
Édouard Manet, Reclining Young Woman in Spanish Costume, 1862–63, oil on canvas, framed: 46 7/8 x 54 5/16 inches (bequest of Stephen Carlton Clark – 1961.18.33).
Detail: bottom right, Ă‰douard Manet, Reclining Young Woman in Spanish Costume. 
I know, I know, I'm a sucker, but I'm totally charmed by the playful kitten on the bottom right.

There were also several temporary exhibitions, and two of my favorites were:
Red Grooms: Larger Than Life (until March 30th) – his fun homage to the great artists of the twentieth century.
Installation view, Red Grooms: Larger Than Life.
This show was all from Yale's own collection and included several very large paintings and twenty preparatory cartoons and other drawings.
Red Grooms, Cedar Bar, 1986, colored pencil, colored crayons, and watercolor on five sheets of paper, mounted to board and framed in artist's wood frame, framed:119 1/2 x 324 x 3 inches (Charles B. Benenson Collection – 2006.52.56). 
And finally, Byobu: The Grandeur of Japanese Screensan exquisite exhibition of Japanese screens, mainly from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Every one of them was breathtaking. This show was filled out by work from private collections.
Flowering Cherry with Poem Slips, Japanese, Edo period, 17th century. Right screen from a pair of six-panel folding screens: ink, mineral color, gold, and silver on paper (collection of Peggy and Richard M. Danziger).

Friday, February 28, 2014

Short Post on Denver

By Charles Kessler

I guess it's pretty obvious from the dearth of recent posts that I haven't felt like writing lately. I've been seeing as much art as usual, and, if anything, I've been traveling more than usual to look at art: Boston, Denver, and recently, New Haven/Yale. So what I've decided to do for now is simply post photos of work I've seen that may be of interest, and maybe write something very brief about them. I'll start here with my January trip to Denver to see Clyfford Still's works on paper – something people didn't even know existed. Still gave the Clyfford Still Museum more than 1575 of them in addition to the 825 paintings he gave the museum – 94 percent of his entire output! (I wrote about Clyfford Still in a lot more detail here and here.)

Below is the last drawing, the last work of art, Still made.

Clyfford Still, PP-1444, January 4, 1980, pastel on paper.
Dean Sobel, the museum director, was kind enough to take me around the conservation labs and show me some of Still's works on paper. 
Paper conservation room, Clyfford Still Museum.
Painting conservation room, Clyfford Still Museum

For the most part, the paintings Still gave the museum are in excellent shape, but some are damaged, and I got a chance to see some of the ones they are working on. Here's a detail close-up of one of the most damaged paintings:

In addition to the enormous collection of Still's art, the museum has Still's complete archives – books, record albums, letters, articles he kept over the years – everything! The museum has a well-funded research center which, to quote their press release, "will foster humanities-based engagement with the Clyfford Still Museum collections, its archives and the manifold ideas they embody." So these archives will be thoroughly studied. 
Clyfford Still Museum Archives. 

I also went to the Denver Art Museum, which I wrote about before here. I spent most of my time with their extensive pre-Columbian art collection and this gallery of Northwest Coast Indian Art:
Left: Chief Johny Scow, Welcome Figure, c.1900, Kwakwaka,wakw tribe; right: a Tlingit house partition from about 1840.
The Welcome Figure once held a large copper plate in its upraised arms. Such plates signified the wealth and power of the clan, so while you were welcomed, you would also know you're dealing with a prestigious clan. And the house partition separated the chief's apartment from the rest of the clan's dwelling, forming a dramatic entrance. 

I came across a couple of good contemporary art galleries too – David B. Smith and Robischon – both near the excellent Denver Museum of Contemporary Art. So all in all a lot of good art to see in Denver and an excellent night-life too.
Larimer Street from 14th to 15th Streets in the historic LoDo district of Downtown Denver. 

Thursday, February 20, 2014

Dozier Bell’s Drawings

By Carl Belz

Dozier Bell, Burg, 6:00, 2011, 2.5 x 5 inches.
Dozier’s Bell’s imaginary landscape drawings comprise a vision of nature that sweeps across vast plains and valleys, ascends into lofty skies, and reaches toward far distant horizons, its range seemingly boundless, its scale undeniably majestic. The vision often pictures nature at dawn or dusk, its light generally dimmed and pale or momentarily darkened by clouds, its expanse sometimes broken only by a first or last glimpse of the flashing sun, its temper otherwise solemn, even troubled, as if brooding. The drama we observe in these panoramic images is evident in the ever-shifting cloud formations and constantly changing light they record, their restlessness making visible the conditions that obtain when the atmosphere suddenly warms or cools, fronts collide, and weather threatens. 
Dozier Bell, Column, 2, 2010, 2.5 x 4.4 inches.
As beholders, we view Bell’s fictive worlds from an elevated position, as if from a parapet within a medieval castle or citadel--like the ones we see silhouetted on a ridge or stone outcropping in several of the distant landscapes spreading before us. We occasionally see a bird in flight, but no human figures. We hover above the landscapes rather than feeling planted within them; though emotionally gripped by the events we see, we feel detached from their physical thrust. And thus is a cautionary note sounded, for nature is here signaled as other, as a force unto itself, a force separate from us, and indifferent to us--a force from which we may withhold acknowledgment, but at a risk for which we alone bear responsibility. Fictive the landscapes may be, but the close observation that everywhere informs their realist impulse firmly secures their credibility and grounds their compelling artistic achievement within an equally compelling concern for their subject, the environment we precariously inhabit.
Dozier Bell, Field's Edge, Twilight, 2011, 3.5 x 4 inches.
Bell’s drawings--they’re all charcoal on mylar--are noticeably and resolutely small, on average between three and five inches on a side, small enough to hold in the palm of your hand, like a postcard, or a cell phone, or an iPod, or, even when framed, something still easily handled, like an iPad. All of which means size is purposefully a function of their content, as it’s been from time to time in art in the past. As it was, for instance, with the Abstract Expressionists who regularly produced oversized paintings, not first of all to express the might of American painting, a plausible suggestion, but to achieve intimacy--to physically engulf us in their worlds and thereby enable us to become one with them. Dozier Bell too seeks intimacy, but hers accrues to our holding close her miniature landscapes, rubbing our nose in them, not to control what we see, a possible but vainglorious fantasy, but better to absorb their content and to gain thereby a fuller understanding of nature’s scope and bounty. 
Dozier Bell, Flight, 2011, 3.5 x 4 inches.
In a world where we are regularly inundated by rapid-fire media images competing for our attention, a world where other worlds are routinely and instantly available to us via objects we hold in our hands and constantly consult in our urge to feel connected--social worlds of information and images and texts and entertainments--Bell’s diminutive worlds are exceptional in not actively competing or being social at all. Anchored in nature and observing nature’s rhythms, acknowledging nature as source and solace without reliance on media intervention, her worlds are secure with their autonomy. Theirs is a decidedly slow art, an art imaging nature stilled in order to enable contemplation, an art by which our response is patiently measured yet at the same time deeply rewarded--in the one-on-one intimacy shared in the tiny worlds’ embrace, in the abundant visual pleasures they offer our enchanted gaze. That so much can be said in so little space is a source of wonder--not at technology, but at art.
Dozier Bell, Flock, 6, 2012, 3.4 x 4.1 inches.
Art’s history echoes in these drawings. Shaped by feeling yet informed by fact, they resonate a strong awareness of the pre-Impressionist landscapes of the early 19th Century--the landscapes of Casper David Friedrich and John Constable, for instance, from which they seem remarkably able to have taken inspiration in equal measure. The hushed valleys, the shrouded light and the far away castles that momentarily focus our attention acknowledge kinship with Friedrich’s spiritual quest and the northern romantic tradition which his pictures quintessentially define. Likewise, the action in the skies that Dozier Bell has so clearly and closely observed and recorded is in kind the action that characterized Constable’s studies of nature and moved him to declare, “It will be difficult to name a class of landscape in which sky is not the key note, the standard of scale and the chief organ of sentiment.” Moreover, we can track these dual art historical threads into the present, to Abstract Expressionism in the 1950s, to Mark Rothko and Clyfford Still, for instance--to the former’s vaporous fields of elusive cloud-like color space, to the latter’s jagged and obdurately physical expanses of troweled pigment. Feeling and fact, romantic and classic, mind and body--the threads have been variously identified in modern art and thought, at times individually, as if in opposition to each other, and at times as necessary to each other, in mutual support. That they are vitally linked in Bell’s drawings is a mark of the drawings’ distinctive achievement, while their union may additionally tell us something about the way we live now.
Dozier Bell, Roost, 2012, 3.25 x 4.75 inches.
Which was not something we necessarily asked the art of Friedrich and Constable or Rothko and Still to do, nor did we ask it of modern and modernist art generally. Through the first half of the 20th Century we asked first of all about art’s formal originality, because that’s where the most compelling art of the time was focused. The formalist approach that in turn came to dominate art discourse was altogether understandable. Gripped by the pictorial exploits of Picasso and Matisse and their descendants, we regularly felt pressed to first make sense of what was happening right before our eyes, in the space and light and color we could see and point to, leaving until later whatever additional layers of meaning might be revealed when the dust initially stirred by their exploits had settled. Which already began happening during the 1960s, as art turned its attention outward with Pop and earthworks and photorealism, and the pattern continues unabated today, as art diversifies its practice and becomes global in its reach. In response we increasingly seek information about the particular times and places and people who make the art of our time in order to position it and them in some kind of cultural context. Thus has formalism yielded to sociology and art become measured by questions about how much it says about being alive here and now, then and there. 
Dozier Bell, Smoking, 2010, 3 x 4.25 inches.
Dozier Bell, Updraft, 2010, 3 x 4 inches.
Dozier Bell’s drawings answer those questions with couplings dynamically balancing passion with intelligence, form with content, and our cultural present with our cultural past, couplings informed by the vision of an artist who is also an environmentalist, couplings voiced with conviction and authority that spur thoughts about the natural world around us, about what our relationship to it currently comprises, and about what that relationship ought to comprise in order to sustain and allow it to be the best of all possible worlds in the future. For the way we live now her art, like all art of genuine consequence, spreads before us bearing urgent moral implications. 


Carl Belz is Director Emeritus of the Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University. 

Sunday, February 9, 2014

More on my December Trip to Boston

By Charles Kessler

I’ve been busy with some family matters as well as some traveling. Sorry for the delay, but here's the second part of my report on Boston.

The Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) was strangely empty when I visited. There were times I didn't see another soul for several rooms – not even a guard – and it kind of creeped me out. I was told it was the time of year, and it's probably true since my hotel was pretty empty too. Everyone must have been in New York at the Museum of Modern Art. 
Room 213, Art of The Ancient World.
Room 250 - a salon-style gallery at the MFA.
I don't know why I never noticed this before, but the European paintings are hung relatively high at the MFA, not just those in the salon style galleries like room 250, but everywhere. Why? It's not like visitors have to look over crowds of people to see. 

I discovered a pretty good place to eat at the museum – in the basement cafeteria. Not only is the food much cheaper and not bad, but there's even a nice view looking out at the handsome Calderwood Courtyard. 
Cafeteria of the MFA, Boston.
And it's the only place in the Museum that's open for breakfast. The cafeteria is used mostly by museum employees, and you can only get there via a stairway in the Contemporary Art wing near the entrance to the Foster Gallery. Don't tell anyone! 

I saw a lot of John Singer Sargent's art in Boston: his paintings at the MFA collection, of course, as well as his sparkling watercolors at both the MFA and the Gardner, 
John Singer Sargent, Corfu: Lights and Shadows, 1909, translucent and opaque watercolor and graphite underdrawing.
and his awe-inspiring if overblown mural, The Triumph of Religion, at the Boston Public Central Library. 

I highly recommend the free tour of this grand and historic McKim, Mead, and White, 1888-95 building. In addition to the Sargent murals, there are monumental ones by Puvis de Chavannes, and bronzes and mosaics by several American artist. Here's a link about the tour and what it covers. www.bpl.org/tours

SOWA - The Boston Gallery District.
The gallery scene moved away from Newberry Street — at least the more vital galleries moved. They are now mostly located in what's called by the embarrassingly unoriginal name SoWa (South of Washington — on Thayer Street Between Harrison Ave. and Albany Street, a short walk from the Broadway Station on the Red Line over the 4th Street bridge). There are only about a dozen galleries, but they're good ones, and they show local as well as international art. The ones I liked best were AcmeSteven Zevitas and especially Miller/Yezerski (where Howard Yerzerski was kind enough to spend a lot of time with me). But it's easy enough to check them all out.

Next post: Denver, and especially the Clyfford Still Museum's exhibition of Still's works on paper. 

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

The Gardner Museum in Boston - My December Visit

By Charles Kessler

After fifty or so years of occasional visits to the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, tolerating, and sometimes even being enthralled by the cluttered and chaotic way the art is installed in this Venetian-style palazzo, the eccentric installations finally lost their charm for me. Having recently read Sebatian Smee's inspiring article about the The Rape of Europa, the Gardner's famous Titian, I was looking forward to revisiting the painting up close and in detail – but I literally couldn't see it because the lighting was so bad and the painting was so dirty. 
Center: Titian, The Rape of Europa, 1559-1562, oil on canvas, 73 x 81 inches. Photography is not allowed in the museum, so I found this image (and the others) on the internet and adjusted it to better reflect what I saw. 
Unfortunately nothing can be done about it because Isabella Stewart Gardner's ninety-year-old will stated that everything has to be left EXACTLY the way she left it, including the lighting, flower arrangements, wallpaper, drapery, window shades — EVERYTHING. And they don't have enough money to properly take care of the art. Keep in mind, this is the institution whose security was so lax they were robbed of thirteen important paintings including three Rembrandts and a Vermeer. 
One of the paintings stolen from the Gardner Museum – Vermeer, The Concert, c. 1658-60, oil on canvas, 28½ x 25 ½ inches.
The loss wasn't just to the Gardner; their lax security resulted in a tragic loss to culture in general. 

As a result of my negative experience at the Gardner, and my positive experience with the new Barnes Museum where the work never looked better and where Matisse's great painting, Joy of Life, is no longer hanging in a stairway, I've come to the realization that owning art should not confer the right to determine how and where that art is displayed in perpetuity. Controlling cultural treasures during ones lifetime is enough – and even then there should be limits. The mere fact of owning an important work of art shouldn't give someone the right to destroy it, for example. 

Of course installations can be saved if they are historically or aesthetically important; or if a work is made for a particular location (as is the case with Sargent's El Jaleo which looks great in its alcove at the Gardner). It just shouldn't be left up to one person to decide FOREVER!
John Singer Sargent, El Jaleo, 1882, oil on canvas, 91 ⅓ x 137 inches.
But I doubt if there's any hope for change given our country's belief that property rights are sacrosanct.  

Tuesday, December 24, 2013

Touching Art at the Boston MFA

By Charles Kessler

Not with your hands, silly, but touching as in affecting or poignant art that depicts touch, especially in paintings of the Virgin and Child. On a recent visit to the MFA, I took some close-up details that capture this quality; I've also linked to each work's page on the MFA website so you can view it in its entirety.
Rogier van der Weyden, Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin, c. 1435-40, oil and tempera on panel, 54 1/8 x 43 5/8 inches.
Andrea del Sarto, Virgin and Child, c. 1509-10, oil on panel, 32 1/2 x 25 3/4 inches.
Lorenzo Lotto, Virgin and Child with Saints Jerome and Nicholas of Tolentino, 1523-23, oil on canvas, 37 1/8 x 30 5/8 inches.
And here is a detail from probably the greatest Mannerist painting in the country. It's touching in both meanings of the word, yet it's disturbing and horrifying:
Rosso Fiorentino, The Dead Christ with Angels, c. 1524-27, oil on panel, 52 1/2 x 41 inches.
More of my visit to Boston in the next post. 

Tuesday, December 10, 2013

The Hidden Philadelphia Museum of Art

By Charles Kessler

Gallery 297 – Drawing Room from the Lansdowne House, London, England, c.1766-75, designed by Robert Adam with decorations by Giovanni Battista Cipriani.
The Philadelphia Museum of Art is known for its many period rooms. These rooms have their good points. They're exotic and mysterious — qualities art tends to lose after becoming familiar. And, of course, they place art in the type of room it was originally intended for, which can be enlightening (like how the smaller Dutch paintings don't look so small in those cozy Dutch interiors).

The down side is paintings tend to get lost among all that furniture, wallpaper, drapery and ornate moldings.  To make matters worse, some entire rooms are hidden because they're off to the side or just get lost in the confusing layout of the galleries. So this visit I was determined to make a concerted effort to dig out paintings I overlooked in the past — and it was like discovering a whole new great art museum!
Gallery 262, Room with Paneling in the Jacobean Style, made in England, c.1625.
Here are my favorite discoveries, along with information (derived mostly from the museum's website) about each of the works. I also provided a link to the PMA webpage about the work and the location of the painting in the museum in case you want to try to find it yourself someday.
Rembrandt, Head of Christ, c. 1648-56, oil on panel, 14 x 12 ½ inches (Gallery 262).
This is one of the PMA's most famous paintings, and that I missed it all these years illustrates my point. Rembrandt, following Caravaggio's lead, used a real person (one of his neighbors in the Jewish Quarter of Amsterdam) as a model for his depiction of Christ rather than an idealized or conventional stereotype. This painting is probably the one a 1656 inventory mentioned as hanging in Rembrandt's studio, and it's one of the few paintings that Rembrandt's family kept.
Thomas Gainsborough,  Pastoral Landscape (Rocky Mountain Valley with a Shepherd, Sheep, and Goats), c. 1783, oil on canvas, 40 ⅜ x 50 ⅜ inches (Gallery 277).
This Gainsborough is considered an excellent example of eighteenth-century English pictorial landscape, and it was probably a complete invention, i.e., not done from nature. The PMA website quotes Sir Joshua Reynolds's description of Gainsborough's working method:
From the fields he brought into his painting-room, stumps of trees, weeds, and animals of various kinds; and designed them, not from memory, but immediately from the objects. He even framed a kind of model of landscape, on his table; composed of broken stones, dried herbs, and pieces of looking glass, which he magnified and improved into rocks, trees, and water.
Delacroix, The Death of Sardanapalus, 1844, oil on canvas, 29 x 32 ½ inches (Gallery 299).
As with many of his paintings, Delacroix took the subject of this painting from a poem by Lord Byron. It is about the death of Sardanapalus, the Assyrian king who, besieged by enemies, decides to kill himself, and, narcissist that he was, take all his favorite possessions with him — including his slaves and wives! This painting is a small version of a large painting (now at the Louvre) that was highly criticized when Delacroix first exhibited it, but the painting was to launch the Romantic art movement and Delacroix's career. Delacroix probably made this smaller version so he could keep a copy for himself.
Jacopo Pontormo, Portrait of Alessandro de' Medici, 1534-35, oil on panel, 40 x 32 inches (Gallery 251).
I love Early Mannerist painting, so I was delighted to find these great paintings by Pontormo and Bronzino. Both portraits are of Medici Dukes, and they serve to show the difference between private and public portraiture. Pontormo, rather than painting an heroic, official image, created this pensive, if strange, portrait. According to the webpage about the painting, it might refer to fourteenth-century love sonnets by Petrarch about some drawings his beloved gave to him. I don't know what this typically Mannerist erudite subject has to do with Alessandro, but whatever.
Agnolo Bronzino, Portrait of Cosimo l de' Medici as Orpheus, c. 1537-39, oil on panel, 37 x 30 inches (Gallery 250).
On the other hand, there is this typically erotic and bizarre painting by Bronzino, Pontormo's devoted pupil. It is of Cosimo I de' Medici, who became duke in 1537 after the assassination of his cousin Alessandro. Bronzino's slick style (what we'd call corporate today) flattered power and was to influence court portraiture for centuries.

And finally, speaking of hidden masterpieces, next to the Barnes on the way up the hill to the Philadelphia Museum of Art, there is an entire museum that's relatively unknown – the Rodin Museum. Definitely worth checking out,
The Rodin Museum, 2151 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, 19130.

if just to see this alone:
Auguste Rodin, The Gates of Hell, modeled 1880-1917, cast 1926-28, bronze, about 21 x 13 x 3 feet.